← Back · groundwork for #179 (.ko→.kext conversion); built on the landed OSKext port (#182)

kld → kext: naming + categorization

Before the bulk .ko.kext conversion (#179), this is a complete catalog of every FreeBSD loadable kernel module in the NextBSD tree (sys/modules/, 474 dirs) — what each one is, what category it falls in (driver / filesystem / network / crypto / …), and a proposed Apple-style .kext bundle identifier + name. It exists so #179 follows one deliberate naming convention instead of ad-hoc per-module guesses.

2026-06-04. Source: read-only review of launchd/freebsd-src/sys/modules (== nextbsd-kernel, 474 modules) by 8 parallel review agents. Categories/purposes derived from each module's Makefile .PATH + source. This is a proposal for review, not a final mapping — the naming style and the build-in-vs-kext split are open decisions (§3).

Read me first Scope is now 343 kext candidates — the modules the NEXTBSD kernel does not already compile in (the other 131 are built-in; §6b). D2 (built-in split) and D4 (firmware → bundled in the kext) are resolved this pass. The main call left open is D1 — the .kext naming style (vendor-product CamelCase à la Apple vs. keeping FreeBSD names); the per-module names in §6a are a first-pass mix until that's decided. D3 (sub-component plugins) and the firmware runtime sub-choice are minor. See §3.

Contents

  1. What this covers (and what a kext is here)
  2. The proposed naming convention
  3. Open decisions (need your call)
  4. Category summary (counts)
  5. Where to start: reference machine + minimal subset
  6. Full per-module catalog

1. What this covers (and what a “kext” is here)

A NextBSD kext is an Apple .kext bundle wrapping an unmodified FreeBSD ELF .ko: <Name>.kext/Contents/Info.plist (CFBundleIdentifier, version, OSBundleLibraries dependencies, IOKitPersonalities) + Contents/MacOS/<executable> (the .ko). The OSKext engine (#182, landed) resolves dependencies and kldloads in order; kextdeps already proves the dependency sort works.

Every row below maps one sys/modules/ entry. The ko column is the real loaded module name (from KMOD=), which becomes CFBundleExecutable; that is the name the kernel/kld actually sees and the key OSKext uses to tell whether a kext is loaded.

2. The proposed naming convention

Apple uses reverse-DNS bundle identifiers grouped by role (com.apple.driver.AppleAHCI, com.apple.filesystems.msdosfs, com.apple.iokit.IONetworkingFamily, com.apple.kpi.bsd). NextBSD mirrors that under org.nextbsd:

CategoryBundle ID groupExample koExample bundle id
Hardware drivers (storage, network, wireless, usb, graphics, sound, serial-bus, platform, crypto-hw, misc)org.nextbsd.driver.*ahciorg.nextbsd.driver.AHCI
Filesystemsorg.nextbsd.filesystems.*msdosfsorg.nextbsd.filesystems.msdosfs
Software cryptoorg.nextbsd.crypto.*aesniorg.nextbsd.crypto.AESNI
Network protocols / pseudo-interfacesorg.nextbsd.net.*pforg.nextbsd.net.PF
MAC / security policiesorg.nextbsd.security.*mac_bibaorg.nextbsd.security.MACBiba
Kernel KPI / subsystem familiesorg.nextbsd.kpi.*camorg.nextbsd.kpi.CAM
ABI / Linux compatorg.nextbsd.compat.*linux64org.nextbsd.compat.Linux64
Firmware imagesorg.nextbsd.firmware.*ispfworg.nextbsd.firmware.ISP
Virtualization / tracing / miscorg.nextbsd.kext.*vmmorg.nextbsd.kext.VMM

The .kext display name is CamelCase. For drivers, Apple-style names lead with the vendor/family (com.apple.driver.AppleIntelI210); the first-pass table below sometimes still carries FreeBSD-flavored names (e.g. IfRe) — normalizing those is decision (1) in §3.

3. Open decisions (need your call)

D1 — .kext display-name style. Three options: (a) vendor-product CamelCase like Apple (ahciAHCI.kext, emIntelE1000.kext, reRealtekRTL8169.kext) — most Apple-faithful, most renaming work; (b) keep the FreeBSD module name (ahci.kext, if_em.kext) — least surprising for FreeBSD users, least Apple-like; (c) hybrid — vendor names for the common/visible drivers, FreeBSD names for the long tail. The table proposes a mix; pick one rule.

D2 — kext vs. built-into-kernel. Resolved (this pass) The conversion target is now scoped to what the NEXTBSD kernel does not already compile in: matching every module against device/options in sys/amd64/conf/NEXTBSD gives 131 already built-in (excluded — §6b) and 343 kext candidates (§6a). The built-in set already covers the boot-critical path (ahci/nvme/cam/ufs, acpi, crypto, common NICs). Remaining sub-question (deferred): if we later slim the kernel toward an Apple-minimal core, some of the 131 move back out to kexts — not now.

D3 — sub-components & plugins. Many modules are pieces of a parent: ath_hal_*/ath_rate/ath_main (the ath stack), wlan_* ciphers, sdhci_pci/_acpi/_fdt, nfscl/nfsd/nfscommon/…. Bundle each as its own .kext, or nest them under the parent's Contents/PlugIns/ (Apple's approach)?

D4 — firmware. Resolved: bundle in the kext Every driver that needs firmware carries it in its own <Driver>.kext/Contents/Resources/ (Apple-style); no runtime fetch. The driver→blob mapping is mechanical: each sys/modules/<x>fw/Makefile FIRMWS= line lists blobfile:fwname[:version], and the blobs already live in sys/contrib/dev/<x>/ — so the build stages them straight from the tree (no network for the in-tree set; linux-firmware only for any blob with no in-tree copy). A generated manifest (driver → firmware module → blob files) drives this in nextbsd-kernel-modules. Open sub-choice: how the driver finds the bundled blobs at runtime — (a) nest the firmware .ko in the kext so firmware_get() works unchanged (simplest), or (b) point firmware(9) at the kext’s Resources/ (purer Apple layout, small loader hook).

D5 — exclusions. Test/build-internal modules (tests, ktest, epoch_test, mmcnull, mac_test, amd_ecc_inject, dummymbuf) and dead-legacy hardware should likely be excluded from conversion entirely. Confirm the exclude list.

4. Category summary

Approximate counts across the 474 modules (the long tail is hardware drivers, as expected):

Category~CountDisposition note
driver/network (wired NIC)~80kext (driver)
driver/platform (SoC/ACPI/sensor/watchdog)~45kext (driver); many arch-specific
driver/storage (HBA/RAID/NVMe/SD)~48kext (driver)
driver/wireless~35kext (driver) + firmware deps
security/mac~32kext (security)
net/infra + net/protocol~70kext (net) / some built-in
driver/serial-bus~25kext (driver)
filesystem~25kext (filesystems)
kpi/infra~28D2: likely built-in
compat (linux/abi)~14kext (compat)
crypto (sw) + driver/crypto-hw~22kext (crypto / driver)
tracing/debug~13kext (misc) / dev-only
firmware~13D4
driver/graphics, sound, usb, misc~35kext (driver)
virtualization4kext (misc)
test-internal~6D5: exclude

5. Where to start: a reference machine + the smallest subset

343 candidates is the universe of hardware, not a to-do list. A real machine needs only ~a dozen kexts on top of the kernel — so #179 should be driven by reference machines (hardware people actually run) and begin with the smallest useful subset, not a mass conversion.

Reference machine — modern Intel Dell XPS (13 9320 / 15 9530 / 17 9730 class)

Most of the box is already covered by the NEXTBSD kernel; only a short list needs kexts — and the GPU stack comes from the ports tree, not the base module set (so it is not even in the 343):

FunctionHardwareDriverWhere it comes from
Already in the NEXTBSD kernel — nothing to do
Boot storageNVMe SSDnvme/nvdbuilt-in
USB + input transportxHCI / USB4xhci, usb, hid/hidbus/evdevbuilt-in
PlatformACPI, CPUacpi, cpufreqbuilt-in
Filesystemsroot + EFIufs (FFS), msdosfs, cd9660built-in
CryptoAES-NIaesni, cryptobuilt-in
Kexts to add (from the 343 candidates)
Wi-FiIntel AX211 / AX210 (Wi-Fi 6E)if_iwlwifilinuxkpi_wlanlinuxkpi + wlan + firmwarekext(s) + bundled fw. linuxkpi = Linux driver-API shim (NOT linux.ko / the userland ABI); may be built-in via COMPAT_LINUXKPI
BluetoothIntel BT (USB)ng_ubt (netgraph)kext
AudioIntel HDA / codecsnd_hda (sound)kext (codec support varies)
TouchpadI²C HID precision touchpadIntel LPSS I²C + hms/hmt/hconfkext (some HID built-in)
Card readerRealtek (if present)rtsxkext
Thunderbolt/USB4Intelthunderboltkext (limited)
From the ports tree — separate workstream (not in the 343)
iGPUIntel Iris Xei915kmsports (graphics/drm-kmod)
dGPU (15/17)NVIDIA RTXnvidia-modesetports (x11/nvidia-driver)
WebcamUSB UVCwebcamd + cuseports + cuse kext

Reference machine B — ThinkPad T460s (Skylake, 2016) — from real pciconf

Decoded from an actual pciconf -lv on the box. It confirms the thesis even harder than the XPS: an older Intel laptop runs almost entirely on the kernel. none<N> in pciconf = no driver attached (so a kext is needed or none exists); a real devname (em0, ahci0, hdac0) = a driver already claimed it.

DevicePCI idDriverStatus
Already covered by the kernel — attached, nothing to do
SATA (AHCI)8086:9d03ahcibuilt-in (ahci0)
USB 3.0 (xHCI)8086:9d2fxhcibuilt-in (xhci0)
Ethernet I219-LM8086:156fembuilt-in (em0)
HD Audio8086:9d70snd_hda/hdacbuilt-in (hdac0; kldload snd_hda → “already in kernel”)
Host / PCIe / LPC bridges1904/9d10/9d12/9d48hostb/pcib/isabbuilt-in
Needs a kext — currently unattached (none)
Wi-Fi: Intel 82608086:24f3iwm (native; or iwlwifi) + firmwarekext (none7). iwm is native — no linuxkpi, just wlan + fw
Card reader: Realtek RTS522A10ec:522artsxkext (none6)
Bluetooth: Intel (USB on 8260)USBng_ubtkext (USB; not enumerable — usbconfig broken on this install)
Ports tree
GPU: Intel HD 5208086:1916i915kmsports (drm-kmod); vgapci0 stub attached
No driver needed (Intel platform bits — none, no FreeBSD driver / not required)
GMM, thermal, ME (HECI), AMT-SOL UART, PMC, SMBus1911/9d31/9d3a/9d3d/9d21/9d23— (intsmb optional for sensors)skip

T460s takeaway: storage, USB, Ethernet, and audio all come from the kernel. The only real kexts it needs are Wi-Fi (iwm) and the card reader (rtsx), plus Bluetooth (ng_ubt) and GPU from ports — ~2–3 kexts, even fewer than the XPS, and with iwm no LinuxKPI at all. (Its Ethernet is Intel em, so realtek-re-kmod isn’t needed here; the Realtek part is only the card reader.)

Start smallest — tiered first targets

The box already boots on the kernel alone, so the first kext that matters is the one that makes it useful: Wi-Fi.

The exact per-machine list is mechanical: pciconf -lv + devmatch map every PCI/USB ID to its driver — FreeBSD’s own “what does this box need” tool. That same signal should order the conversion queue: convert what real machines hit first; leave the long tail (SPARC NICs, RAID HBAs, ARM-SoC platform drivers) for later or never. The full inventory is §6 below.

Additional ports kmods in the minimal set

Some drivers people actually run live in the ports tree, not base sys/modules — so they are not in the 343, but they belong in the minimal target set and form a parallel “ports kmod → kext” track (same bundling + firmware rules). Explicitly wanted:

portdriverpurposeproposed kext
net/realtek-re-kmodif_re (vendor)Realtek RTL8168/8111/8125 Ethernet — the vendor/updated driver, newer than base re; needed for recent Realtek Gigabit / 2.5GbE NICs (common on budget laptops, mini-PCs, docks)org.nextbsd.driver.RealtekRE · RealtekRE.kext
misc/utouch-kmodUSB HID absolute pointerKernel driver for absolute USB HID mice — USB touchscreens, hypervisor/VM absolute pointers (qemu/bhyve/VirtualBox), KVM-over-IP. Complements, does not replace, the I²C-HID laptop-touchpad stack (hms/hmt/hconf). wulf@, BSD-2-Clause. (Handy for NextBSD-in-a-VM — 1:1 guest pointer.)org.nextbsd.driver.UTouch · UTouch.kext
graphics/drm-kmodi915kmsIntel iGPU / KMS (separate driver — do not merge with AMD)org.nextbsd.driver.IntelGraphics · IntelGraphics.kext
graphics/drm-kmodamdgpuAMD GPU / KMS, GCN 1.2+ / RDNA (separate driver from Intel)org.nextbsd.driver.AMDGraphics · AMDGraphics.kext
graphics/drm-kmodradeonkmsOlder AMD/ATI Radeon (pre-GCN / early GCN)org.nextbsd.driver.RadeonGraphics · RadeonGraphics.kext
x11/nvidia-drivernvidia-modesetNVIDIA discrete GPUorg.nextbsd.driver.NVIDIA · NVIDIA.kext
multimedia/webcamd + cuseUVC bridgeLater USB webcams (+ DVB/etc.) — deferred to a later phase, not part of the minimal setuserland daemon + cuse kext

Note: realtek-re-kmod overlaps base re/rge — same curation call as the Intel-Wi-Fi drivers (§3 / family consolidation): pick the vendor kmod as canonical for the chips it covers. misc/utouch-kmod is confirmed (absolute USB-HID pointer driver) and is additive — it coexists with the HID touchpad stack.

6. Full per-module catalog

The 474 modules are split by whether the NEXTBSD kernel already compiles them in: 343 kext candidates (§6a — the #179 target) and 131 already built into the kernel (§6b — excluded), matched against device/options in sys/amd64/conf/NEXTBSD. ko = real module name (= CFBundleExecutable); kext + bundle id are the first-pass proposal (subject to D1). “sub” / “fw” / “subdir” / “test” in notes flag D3/D5 cases.

6a. Kext candidates — NOT in the NEXTBSD kernel (343)

These are the actual #179 conversion target: modules the NEXTBSD kernel does not statically compile in, so they must be packaged as loadable .kexts. Grouped by category.

ko (CFBundleExecutable)purposeproposed bundle idkextnotes
Filesystems · 16
autofsAutomounter FS (triggers automountd)org.nextbsd.filesystems.autofsautofs
cd9660_iconviconv charset plugin for cd9660org.nextbsd.filesystems.cd9660-iconvcd9660-iconvsub of cd9660
ext2fsLinux ext2/3/4 filesystemorg.nextbsd.filesystems.ext2fsext2fs
fdescfsFile-descriptor filesystem (/dev/fd)org.nextbsd.filesystems.fdescfsfdescfs
fusefsFUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) kernel supportorg.nextbsd.filesystems.fusefsfusefs
msdosfs_iconviconv charset plugin for msdosfsorg.nextbsd.filesystems.msdosfs-iconvmsdosfs-iconvsub of msdosfs
nfscommonShared NFS RPC/KPI for client+serverorg.nextbsd.filesystems.nfscommonnfscommonsub
nfssvcNFS syscall dispatch/service KPI glueorg.nextbsd.filesystems.nfssvcnfssvcsub
nullfsNull/loopback overlay filesystemorg.nextbsd.filesystems.nullfsnullfs
p9fs9P/VirtIO Plan 9 filesystem clientorg.nextbsd.filesystems.p9fsp9fs
smbfsSMB/CIFS client filesystem (SMBv1)org.nextbsd.filesystems.smbfssmbfs
tarfsRead-only tar-archive filesystem (zstd)org.nextbsd.filesystems.tarfstarfs
udfUDF optical-media filesystemorg.nextbsd.filesystems.udfudf
udf_iconviconv charset plugin for UDForg.nextbsd.filesystems.udf-iconvudf-iconvsub of udf
unionfsUnion/overlay filesystemorg.nextbsd.filesystems.unionfsunionfs
zfsOpenZFS copy-on-write filesystem + volume mgrorg.nextbsd.filesystems.zfszfsmonolithic
Drivers — storage · 17
(subdir)Adaptec AIC-7xxx/79xx SCSI HBA (ahc, ahd)subdir-only
cfiCommon Flash Interface NOR flashorg.nextbsd.driver.CFICFI
hpt27xxHighPoint RocketRAID 27xx SAS/SATA RAIDorg.nextbsd.driver.Hpt27xxHpt27xxbinary blob
hptmvHighPoint RocketRAID 182x SATA RAIDorg.nextbsd.driver.HptmvHptmvbinary blob
hptnrHighPoint RocketRAID NR SATA RAIDorg.nextbsd.driver.HptnrHptnrbinary blob
hptrrHighPoint RocketRAID RR SATA RAIDorg.nextbsd.driver.HptrrHptrrbinary blob
iscsiiSCSI initiator kernel driver (ICL)org.nextbsd.driver.IscsiIscsi
iseriSCSI Extensions for RDMA (iSER)org.nextbsd.driver.IserIsersub of iscsi
nvdimmACPI NVDIMM (NFIT) persistent memoryorg.nextbsd.driver.NvdimmNvdimm
nvmfNVMe-oF host driver (tcp/transport/target)org.nextbsd.driver.NvmfNvmfsubdir umbrella
pmspcvPMC-Sierra SAS/SATA HBAorg.nextbsd.driver.PmspcvPmspcvko=pmspcv
pstPromise SuperTrak I2O RAIDorg.nextbsd.driver.PstPstlegacy
rtsxRealtek RTSX PCI SD/MMC card readerorg.nextbsd.driver.RtsxRtsx
sdhci_acpiACPI attach for SDHCIorg.nextbsd.driver.SdhciAcpiSdhciAcpisub of sdhci
sdhci_fdtFDT attach for SDHCIorg.nextbsd.driver.SdhciFdtSdhciFdtsub of sdhci
sdhci_pciPCI attach for SDHCIorg.nextbsd.driver.SdhciPciSdhciPcisub of sdhci
sdioSDIO bus bridge (CAM <-> SDIO peripherals)org.nextbsd.driver.SdioSdio
Drivers — wired network (NIC) · 39
(subdir)AMD 10GbE XGMAC (if_axa/if_axp)subdir-only
dpaa2NXP DPAA2 Management Complex + NIC (Layerscape)org.nextbsd.driver.DPAA2DPAA2
e6000swMarvell 88E6000 managed Ethernet switchorg.nextbsd.driver.E6000SWE6000SWsub of etherswitch
felixNXP Felix DSA Ethernet switch (QorIQ)org.nextbsd.driver.FelixFelix
if_bnxtBroadcom NetXtreme-C/E NIC + RDMA (bnxt_re)org.nextbsd.driver.BnxtBnxtsubdir
if_cgemCadence GEM NIC (Xilinx/Zynq)org.nextbsd.driver.IfCgemIfCgem
if_cpswTI CPSW Ethernet switch (AM335x)org.nextbsd.driver.CPSWCPSW
if_cxgbChelsio T3 10GbE (+t3fw firmware)org.nextbsd.driver.CXGBCXGBsubdir
if_cxgbeChelsio T4/5/6/7 10-100GbE (TOE/iWARP/NVMeoF)org.nextbsd.driver.CXGBECXGBEsubdir
if_enaAmazon AWS Elastic Network Adapter (EC2)org.nextbsd.driver.ENAENA
if_enetcNXP ENETC PCIe Gigabit (Layerscape)org.nextbsd.driver.ENETCENETC
if_enicCisco VIC Ethernetorg.nextbsd.driver.ENICENIC
if_ffecFreescale Fast Ethernet Controller (i.MX)org.nextbsd.driver.FfecFfec
if_genetBroadcom GENET (RPi4) Gigabitorg.nextbsd.driver.GenetGenet
if_gveGoogle Virtual NIC (gVNIC)org.nextbsd.driver.GveGve
if_lioCavium LiquidIO SmartNIC (Octeon)org.nextbsd.driver.LioLio
if_manaMicrosoft Azure Network Adapter (MANA)org.nextbsd.driver.ManaMana
if_mgbMicrochip LAN7430/7431 PCIe Gigabit (iflib)org.nextbsd.driver.MgbMgb
if_mvnetaMarvell Armada NETA Ethernet (FDT)org.nextbsd.driver.MvnetaMvneta
if_mxgeMyricom Myri-10G 10GbE (+firmware subdir)org.nextbsd.driver.MxgeMxgesubdir+fw
if_myMyson MTD803 Fast Ethernetorg.nextbsd.driver.MyMy
if_oceEmulex OneConnect 10GbEorg.nextbsd.driver.OceOce
if_qlxgbQLogic ISP 8020/80xx CNA Ethernetorg.nextbsd.driver.QlxgbQlxgb
if_qlxgbeQLogic ISP 8300/83xx CNA 10GbEorg.nextbsd.driver.QlxgbeQlxgbe
if_qlxgeQLogic ISP 8000 CNA 10GbEorg.nextbsd.driver.QlxgeQlxge
if_sbniGranch SBNI12 leased-line WAN adapterorg.nextbsd.driver.SbniSbni
if_sumeNetFPGA-SUME 4-port 10GbE FPGA NICorg.nextbsd.driver.SumeSume
if_tsecFreescale eTSEC Ethernet (FDT)org.nextbsd.driver.TsecTsec
if_vteDM&P Vortex86 RDC R6040 Fast Ethernetorg.nextbsd.driver.VteVte
ipoibIP-over-InfiniBand interface driver (OFED)org.nextbsd.driver.IpOibIpOib
irdmaIntel RDMA (iWARP/RoCE) for ICEorg.nextbsd.driver.IrdmaIrdma
mlx4Mellanox ConnectX-2/3 coreorg.nextbsd.driver.Mlx4Mlx4dep for mlx4en/ib
mlx4enMellanox ConnectX-2/3 Ethernet (10/40GbE)org.nextbsd.driver.Mlx4enMlx4enneeds mlx4
mlx4ibMellanox ConnectX-2/3 InfiniBand verbsorg.nextbsd.driver.Mlx4ibMlx4ibneeds mlx4
mlx5ibMellanox ConnectX-4/5/6 InfiniBand verbsorg.nextbsd.driver.Mlx5ibMlx5ibneeds mlx5
mthcaMellanox legacy InfiniBand HCA (Tavor/Arbel)org.nextbsd.driver.MthcaMthcaOFED
qlnxCavium/QLogic FastLinQ 41000 25/40/100GbEorg.nextbsd.driver.QlnxQlnxsubdir umbrella
sfxgeSolarflare SFC 10/40GbEorg.nextbsd.driver.SfxgeSfxge
vnicCavium ThunderX BGX/VNIC controllersorg.nextbsd.driver.VnicVnicsubdir umbrella
Drivers — wireless · 26
(subdir)Broadcom FullMAC wifi (brcmfmac) + brcmutilsubdir-only
ath_dfsAtheros DFS null stub for athorg.nextbsd.driver.AthDFSAthDFSsub of ath
ath_hal_ar5210Atheros AR5210 HAL (802.11a)org.nextbsd.driver.AthHALar5210AthHALar5210sub of ath
ath_hal_ar5211Atheros AR5211 HAL (802.11a/b)org.nextbsd.driver.AthHALar5211AthHALar5211sub of ath
ath_hal_ar5212Atheros AR5212 HAL (legacy a/b/g)org.nextbsd.driver.AthHALar5212AthHALar5212sub of ath
ath_hal_ar5416Atheros AR5416/92xx HAL (802.11n)org.nextbsd.driver.AthHALar5416AthHALar5416sub of ath
ath_hal_ar9300Atheros AR9300 HAL (802.11n gen3)org.nextbsd.driver.AthHALar9300AthHALar9300sub of ath
ath_mainAtheros 802.11n main driver bodyorg.nextbsd.driver.AthMainAthMainsub of ath
ath_rateAtheros TX rate control (sample/onoe/amrr)org.nextbsd.driver.AthRateAthRatesub of ath
athk_commonShared lib for ath10k/11k/12k (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.AthkCommonAthkCommonsub/shared
if_ath10kQualcomm/Atheros QCA988x/99xx 802.11ac (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.Ath10kAth10k
if_ath11kQualcomm QCA6390/WCN6855 802.11ax (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.Ath11kAth11k
if_ath12kQualcomm QCN9274/WCN7850 802.11be (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.Ath12kAth12k
if_bwiBroadcom BCM430x 802.11b/g (bhnd)org.nextbsd.driver.BWiBWi
if_bwnBroadcom BCM43xx 802.11b/g/n (bhnd)org.nextbsd.driver.BWnBWn
if_iwlwifiIntel ax200/ax210/9260 wifi (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.IntelIwlwifiIntelIwlwifi
if_iwmIntel 7000/8000/9000 802.11acorg.nextbsd.driver.IntelIWMIntelIWM
if_iwxIntel AX200/AX201 802.11ax (OpenBSD-derived)org.nextbsd.driver.IntelIWXIntelIWX
if_otusAtheros AR9001U USB 802.11a/b/g/norg.nextbsd.driver.OtusOtusneeds otusfw
if_rtw88Realtek RTL88xx 802.11ac (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.Rtw88Rtw88
if_rtw89Realtek RTL885x/8922 802.11ax (LinuxKPI)org.nextbsd.driver.Rtw89Rtw89
if_rtwn_pciPCI bus attach for rtwnorg.nextbsd.driver.RtwnPciRtwnPcisub of rtwn
if_rtwn_usbUSB bus attach for rtwnorg.nextbsd.driver.RtwnUsbRtwnUsbsub of rtwn
mt76MediaTek MT76xx 802.11ac/ax (mt7615/7921/7996)org.nextbsd.driver.Mt76Mt76subdir
rtwnRealtek RTL8188E/8192C/8812A 802.11 coreorg.nextbsd.driver.RtwnRtwnneeds pci/usb attach
wtapSoftware-simulated null-radio 802.11 (test)org.nextbsd.driver.WtapWtaptest/virtual
Drivers — USB · 4
ubserUSB serial for BWCT USB RS-232org.nextbsd.driver.UbserUbser
uchcomUSB serial for WinChipHead CH341/CH340org.nextbsd.driver.UchcomUchcom
ucycomUSB serial for Cypress HID USB-serialorg.nextbsd.driver.UcycomUcycom
ufintekUSB serial for Fintek F81232 USB-UARTorg.nextbsd.driver.UfintekUfintek
Drivers — graphics / input-video · 6
3dfxPCI driver for 3Dfx Voodoo (tdfx) graphics cardsorg.nextbsd.driver.TdfxTdfx
dpmsVESA DPMS monitor power management via VBEorg.nextbsd.driver.DPMSDPMS
s3S3 PCI VGA/framebufferorg.nextbsd.driver.S3S3
vesaVESA BIOS Extension video mode driverorg.nextbsd.driver.VesaVesa
videomodeEDID parser + video mode databaseorg.nextbsd.driver.VideomodeVideomodeKPI for display
vkbdVirtual AT keyboard (software keystroke inject)org.nextbsd.driver.VkbdVkbd
Drivers — serial bus · 20
(subdir)SPI bus drivers (spibus/spigen/at45d/mx25l)org.nextbsd.driver.SpiSpisubdir-only
amdgpioAMD FCH/Ryzen ACPI GPIO controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.AmdGPIOAmdGPIO
amdsmbAMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.AmdSMBusAmdSMBus
bytgpioIntel Bay Trail ACPI GPIO controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.BytGPIOBytGPIO
chvgpioIntel Cherry View ACPI GPIO controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.ChvGPIOChvGPIO
firewireIEEE 1394 FireWire OHCI + stackorg.nextbsd.driver.FirewireFirewiresubdir
glxiicAMD Geode LX I2C/SMBus controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.GlxiicGlxiic
gpioGPIO bus framework (gpiobus/led/spi/iic)org.nextbsd.driver.GpioGpiosubdir umbrella
i2cI2C/SMBus bus framework + devicesorg.nextbsd.driver.I2cI2csubdir umbrella
intelspiIntel LPSS SPI controller (Lynx Point+)org.nextbsd.driver.IntelspiIntelspi
nctgpioNuvoton NCT Super I/O GPIOorg.nextbsd.driver.NctgpioNctgpio
ow1-Wire bus + devices (owc, ow_temp)org.nextbsd.driver.OwOwsubdir umbrella
pcfclockPCF-1.0 radio clock via parallel portorg.nextbsd.driver.PcfclockPcfclocklegacy
plipParallel Line IP (PLIP) over ppbusorg.nextbsd.driver.PlipPliplegacy
ppsPulse-per-second capture via parallel portorg.nextbsd.driver.PpsPps
pwmbusPWM bus infrastructure (pwmbus/pwmc)org.nextbsd.driver.PwmbusPwmbussubdir umbrella
sccGeneric SCC serial controller (Z8530/QUICC)org.nextbsd.driver.SccScc
spigenGeneric userspace SPI device (/dev/spigen)org.nextbsd.driver.SpigenSpigen
tbThunderbolt NHI PCIe controller + topologyorg.nextbsd.driver.ThunderboltThunderbolt
vf_i2cVybrid SoC I2C controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.VfI2cVfI2c
Drivers — platform (SoC/ACPI/sensor/wdog) · 37
(subdir)Allwinner SoC peripherals (MMC/PWM/RTC/SPI/thermal)subdir-only
(subdir)TI ARM SoC drivers (AM335x, TI I2C)subdir-only
(subdir)Pre-compiled Device Tree Blobs for ARM/RISC-Vsubdir-only
(subdir)Rockchip SoC peripherals (I2C/PMIC/SPI/eMMC)subdir-only
am335x_dmtppsTI AM335x DMTimer PPS captureorg.nextbsd.driver.AM335xDMTPPSAM335xDMTPPS
amdsbwdAMD SB600/SB7xx/SB8xx watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.AmdSBWDAmdSBWD
amdsmnAMD Family 15h-1Ah SMN access (KPI for amdtemp)org.nextbsd.driver.AmdSMNAmdSMN
amdsmuAMD System Management Unit power/freq mgmtorg.nextbsd.driver.AmdSMUAmdSMU
amdtempAMD CPU on-die thermal sensororg.nextbsd.driver.AmdTempAmdTemp
asmcApple System Management Controller (sensors/fans)org.nextbsd.driver.AppleSMCAppleSMC
bcm283x_clkmanBCM2835 (RPi) CPRMAN clock managerorg.nextbsd.driver.BCM2835ClkManBCM2835ClkMan
bcm283x_pwmBCM2835 (RPi) PWM controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.BCM2835PWMBCM2835PWM
chromebook_platformChromebook I2C kbd/touchpad platform glueorg.nextbsd.driver.ChromebookPlatformChromebookPlatform
coretempIntel on-die thermal sensor (MSR)org.nextbsd.driver.CoreTempCoreTemp
cpuctl/dev/cpuctl MSR/CPUID accessorg.nextbsd.driver.CPUCtlCPUCtl
dwwdtSynopsys DesignWare watchdog (FDT)org.nextbsd.driver.DwWDTDwWDT
excaPC Card ExCA (82365) socket register accessorg.nextbsd.driver.ExCAExCAsub of CardBus
ftgpioFaraday FTGPIO010 GPIO controllerorg.nextbsd.driver.FtgpioFtgpio
ftwdFaraday FTWD watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.FtwdFtwd
ichwdIntel ICH/6300ESB watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.IchwdIchwd
imxNXP i.MX SoC drivers (AHCI/SNVS/I2C/SPI/wdog)org.nextbsd.driver.ImxImxsubdir umbrella
ipmiIPMI BMC driverorg.nextbsd.driver.IpmiIpmi
itwdITE IT87xx SuperIO watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.ItwdItwd
ncthwmNuvoton NCT6779D/6796D hardware monitororg.nextbsd.driver.NcthwmNcthwm
ntbPCIe Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) abstractionorg.nextbsd.driver.NtbNtbsubdir umbrella
nvram/dev/nvram CMOS NVRAM access (x86)org.nextbsd.driver.NvramNvram
opal_nvramIBM PowerNV OPAL NVRAM access (ppc)org.nextbsd.driver.OpalNvramOpalNvram
p2sbIntel PCH P2SB bridge + Lewisburg GPIOorg.nextbsd.driver.P2sbP2sb
pchthermIntel PCH (Skylake+) thermal subsystemorg.nextbsd.driver.PchThermPchTherm
powermac_nvramApple PowerMac OpenFirmware NVRAMorg.nextbsd.driver.PowermacNvramPowermacNvramppc
rccgpioADI RCC-VE/RCC-DFF embedded GPIOorg.nextbsd.driver.RccGpioRccGpio
sgxIntel SGX enclave memory management (amd64)org.nextbsd.driver.SgxSgx
superioSuper I/O (LPC) bus controller (ITE/Nuvoton/Fintek)org.nextbsd.driver.SuperIoSuperIo
tpmTPM 1.2/2.0 Trusted Platform Moduleorg.nextbsd.driver.TpmTpm
viawdVIA chipset watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.ViawdViawd
wbwdWinbond Super I/O watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.WbwdWbwd
wdatwdACPI WDAT watchdogorg.nextbsd.driver.WdatwdWdatwd
Drivers — hardware crypto · 9
armv8_rngARMv8.5 RNDR hardware RNGorg.nextbsd.driver.ARMv8RNGARMv8RNG
armv8cryptoARMv8 AES/GHASH hardware crypto accelorg.nextbsd.driver.ARMv8CryptoARMv8Crypto
ccpAMD Cryptographic Co-Processor (CCP-5) + TRNGorg.nextbsd.driver.CCPCCP
glxsbAMD Geode LX Security Block (AES/RNG)org.nextbsd.driver.GlxsbGlxsb
padlockVIA PadLock AES/SHA crypto engineorg.nextbsd.driver.PadlockPadlock
qatIntel QuickAssist (QAT) crypto accel + OCForg.nextbsd.driver.QatQatsubdir umbrella
qat_c2xxxIntel QAT C2xxx (DH89xxCC) crypto accelorg.nextbsd.driver.QatC2xxxQatC2xxx
safeSafeNet SafeXcel-1141 PCI crypto accelorg.nextbsd.driver.SafeSafe
safexcelInside Secure EIP-97 crypto accel (FDT)org.nextbsd.driver.SafeXcelSafeXcel
Drivers — misc · 14
(subdir)syscons console screen-savers (fire/rain/snake)org.nextbsd.driver.SysconsSysconssubdir
adlinkAdlink PCI-9812/9810 high-speed ADC DAQ cardsorg.nextbsd.driver.AdlinkDAQAdlinkDAQ
flashFlash subdir (aarch64/FDT flexspi)org.nextbsd.driver.FlashFlashsubdir-only
io/dev/io privileged port/mem access (x86)org.nextbsd.driver.IoIo
ioatIntel I/OAT DMA engineorg.nextbsd.driver.IoatIoat
mem/dev/mem and /dev/kmem deviceorg.nextbsd.driver.MemMem
mlx5fpga_toolsMellanox ConnectX-4/5 FPGA debug/toolsorg.nextbsd.driver.Mlx5fpgaToolsMlx5fpgaToolssub of mlx5
nmdmNull-modem virtual TTY pairorg.nextbsd.driver.NmdmNmdm
protoGeneric raw PCI/ISA device for userland accessorg.nextbsd.driver.ProtoProtodiag
ptyBSD legacy /dev/pty* pseudo-terminal compatorg.nextbsd.driver.PtyPtylegacy
rpi_ft5406Raspberry Pi FT5406 touchscreenorg.nextbsd.driver.RpiFt5406RpiFt5406
sffSFF/SFP optical transceiver interfaceorg.nextbsd.driver.SffSffKPI for NICs
snpTTY snooping device (/dev/snp)org.nextbsd.driver.SnpSnp
speakerPC speaker beep/tone device (/dev/speaker)org.nextbsd.driver.SpeakerSpeaker
Crypto (software / RNG) · 8
blake2BLAKE2b/2s hash with SIMD for opencryptoorg.nextbsd.crypto.BLAKE2BLAKE2
cryptodev/dev/crypto userland interface to opencryptoorg.nextbsd.crypto.CryptoDevCryptoDevsub of crypto
osslOpenSSL-derived asm software crypto (AES/ChaCha/SHA)org.nextbsd.crypto.OsslOssl
random_fortunaFortuna CSPRNG for random(4)org.nextbsd.crypto.RandomFortunaRandomFortuna
random_otherAlternate/stub CSPRNG for random(4)org.nextbsd.crypto.RandomOtherRandomOther
rc4RC4 (ARC4) stream cipher libraryorg.nextbsd.crypto.RC4RC4
rdseed_rngIntel RDSEED hardware RNG entropy sourceorg.nextbsd.crypto.RdseedRngRdseedRng
rndtestFIPS 140-2 continuous RNG test for hw RNGsorg.nextbsd.crypto.RndtestRndtest
Network — protocols / firewalls / tunnels · 26
(subdir)TCP algos (hpts/BBR/RACK/tcpmd5)org.nextbsd.net.TcpTcpsubdir
carpCommon Address Redundancy Protocol (failover)org.nextbsd.net.CARPCARP
cfiscsiCTL iSCSI frontend (storage target over iSCSI)org.nextbsd.net.CFiSCSICFiSCSIsub of ctl
if_geneveGENEVE tunnel pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfGeneveIfGeneve
if_gifGeneric IP-in-IP tunnel pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfGifIfGif
if_greGRE tunnel pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfGreIfGre
if_meIP-in-IP minimal encapsulation (RFC 2004)org.nextbsd.net.IfMeIfMe
if_ovpnOpenVPN DCO kernel tunnelorg.nextbsd.net.IfOvpnIfOvpn
if_stf6to4 IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel (RFC 3056)org.nextbsd.net.IfStfIfStf
if_vxlanVXLAN overlay tunnel pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfVxlanIfVxlan
if_wgWireGuard VPN kernel tunnelorg.nextbsd.net.IfWgIfWg
ip6_mrouteIPv6 multicast routing / MLDorg.nextbsd.net.Ip6MrouteIp6Mroute
ip_mrouteIPv4 multicast routing / PIMorg.nextbsd.net.IpMrouteIpMroute
ipdivertipfw divert socket (natd)org.nextbsd.net.IpDivertIpDivert
ipfwIP Firewall + traffic shaper engineorg.nextbsd.net.IpfwIpfw
ipfw_natipfw in-kernel NAT via libaliasorg.nextbsd.net.IpfwNatIpfwNat
ipfw_nat64ipfw NAT64 IPv6-to-IPv4 translationorg.nextbsd.net.IpfwNat64IpfwNat64
ipfw_nptv6ipfw NPTv6 IPv6 prefix translationorg.nextbsd.net.IpfwNptv6IpfwNptv6
ipfw_pmodipfw packet modification (TCP opts)org.nextbsd.net.IpfwPmodIpfwPmod
iplIPFilter stateful packet filter (ipf/ipnat)org.nextbsd.net.IpFilterIpFilterko=ipl
libaliasPacket aliasing/NAT library + protocol pluginsorg.nextbsd.net.LibAliasLibAliassubdir
pfOpenBSD-derived stateful packet filter (pf)org.nextbsd.net.PFPF
pflogpf logging pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.PfLogPfLogsub of pf
pflowpf NetFlow/IPFIX exportorg.nextbsd.net.PfFlowPfFlowsub of pf
pfsyncpf state synchronisation interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.PfSyncPfSyncsub of pf
sendSecure Neighbor Discovery (SEND, RFC 3971)org.nextbsd.net.SendSend
Network — infrastructure / pseudo-interfaces · 29
(subdir)TCP congestion control algos (newreno/cubic/...)subdir-only
accf_dataAccept filter: hold connection until data arrivesorg.nextbsd.net.AccfDataAccfData
accf_dnsAccept filter: hold until complete DNS requestorg.nextbsd.net.AccfDNSAccfDNS
accf_httpAccept filter: hold until complete HTTP requestorg.nextbsd.net.AccfHTTPAccfHTTP
accf_tlsAccept filter: hold until TLS client helloorg.nextbsd.net.AccfTLSAccfTLS
bridgestp802.1D STP/RSTP for if_bridgeorg.nextbsd.kpi.BridgeSTPBridgeSTPsub of if_bridge
dpdk_lpm4DPDK IPv4 LPM routing table for FIBorg.nextbsd.net.DpdkLPM4DpdkLPM4
dpdk_lpm6DPDK IPv6 LPM6 routing table for FIBorg.nextbsd.net.DpdkLPM6DpdkLPM6
dummynetTraffic shaper/emulator (delay/bw/AQM) for ipfworg.nextbsd.net.DummyNetDummyNet
fib_dxrDXR IPv4 FIB lookup algorithmorg.nextbsd.net.FibDxrFibDxr
if_bridge802.1D Ethernet bridge pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfBridgeIfBridge
if_discDiscard network pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfDiscIfDisc
if_edscEthernet discard pseudo-interface (example)org.nextbsd.net.IfEdscIfEdsctest/example
if_encIPsec enc0 inspection pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfEncIfEnc
if_epairVirtual Ethernet pair (vnet/jail)org.nextbsd.net.IfEpairIfEpair
if_infinibandIPoIB network interface layerorg.nextbsd.net.IfInfinibandIfInfiniband
if_laggLink Aggregation (LACP/802.3ad) bondingorg.nextbsd.net.IfLaggIfLagg
if_tuntapTUN/TAP virtual network pseudo-interfacesorg.nextbsd.net.IfTuntapIfTuntap
if_vlan802.1Q VLAN tagging pseudo-interfaceorg.nextbsd.net.IfVlanIfVlan
krpcIn-kernel ONC RPC + RPCSEC_GSS/TLS (NFS)org.nextbsd.kpi.KrpcKrpc
miibusMII bus framework + PHY driversorg.nextbsd.kpi.MiibusMiibuscore net KPI
miiproxyMII proxy bridging etherswitch MDIO to miibusorg.nextbsd.kpi.MiiproxyMiiproxysub of etherswitch
netgraphNetgraph graph-based networking framework + nodesorg.nextbsd.kpi.NetgraphNetgraphsubdir umbrella
netlinkRFC 3549 Netlink socket protocolorg.nextbsd.kpi.NetlinkNetlink
nlsyseventNetlink generic family for kernel syseventsorg.nextbsd.kpi.NlSysEventNlSysEvent
toecoreTCP Offload Engine (TOE) core infrastructureorg.nextbsd.kpi.ToeCoreToeCoreKPI
wlan_acl802.11 MAC-address ACL plugin (AP mode)org.nextbsd.kpi.WlanAclWlanAclsub of wlan
wlan_rssadapt802.11 RSS adaptive TX rate pluginorg.nextbsd.kpi.WlanRssadaptWlanRssadaptsub of wlan
wlan_xauth802.11 external (hostapd/RADIUS) authorg.nextbsd.kpi.WlanXauthWlanXauthsub of wlan
Security — MAC / ACLs · 25
acl_nfs4NFSv4 ACL implementation for VFSorg.nextbsd.security.AclNFS4AclNFS4
acl_posix1ePOSIX.1e ACL implementation for VFSorg.nextbsd.security.AclPosix1eAclPosix1e
mac_bibaMAC Biba mandatory integrity policyorg.nextbsd.security.MACBibaMACBiba
mac_bsdextendedMAC BSD Extended (ugidfw) uid/gid firewallorg.nextbsd.security.MACBsdExtendedMACBsdExtended
mac_ddbMAC policy restricting ddb(4) debuggerorg.nextbsd.security.MACDdbMACDdb
mac_doMAC/do controlled privilege-transition (run-as)org.nextbsd.security.MACDoMACDo
mac_ifoffMAC policy disabling network on interfacesorg.nextbsd.security.MACIfoffMACIfoff
mac_ipaclMAC ACLs on IP bind/connectorg.nextbsd.security.MACIpaclMACIpacl
mac_lomacMAC Low-watermark (LOMAC) integrity policyorg.nextbsd.security.MACLomacMACLomac
mac_mlsMAC Multi-Level Security confidentiality labelsorg.nextbsd.security.MACMlsMACMls
mac_noneMAC no-op reference policyorg.nextbsd.security.MACNoneMACNonestub
mac_ntpdMAC policy granting ntpd clock privilegesorg.nextbsd.security.MACNtpdMACNtpd
mac_partitionMAC process partitioning policyorg.nextbsd.security.MACPartitionMACPartition
mac_pimdMAC policy granting pimd multicast privilegesorg.nextbsd.security.MACPimdMACPimd
mac_portaclMAC per-uid/gid port-bind access controlorg.nextbsd.security.MACPortaclMACPortacl
mac_priorityMAC rt/idle scheduling priority by grouporg.nextbsd.security.MACPriorityMACPriority
mac_seeotheruidsMAC restrict process visibility to same uidorg.nextbsd.security.MACSeeotheruidsMACSeeotheruids
mac_stubMAC stub policy (all hooks no-op)org.nextbsd.security.MACStubMACStubstub
mac_testMAC test policy (exercises label alloc)org.nextbsd.security.MACTestMACTesttest
mac_veriexecVerified Execution MAC policy (exec integrity)org.nextbsd.security.MACVeriexecMACVeriexec
mac_veriexec_sha1SHA-1 fingerprint module for mac_veriexecorg.nextbsd.security.MACVeriexecSha1MACVeriexecSha1sub
mac_veriexec_sha256SHA-256 fingerprint module for mac_veriexecorg.nextbsd.security.MACVeriexecSha256MACVeriexecSha256sub
mac_veriexec_sha384SHA-384 fingerprint module for mac_veriexecorg.nextbsd.security.MACVeriexecSha384MACVeriexecSha384sub
mac_veriexec_sha512SHA-512 fingerprint module for mac_veriexecorg.nextbsd.security.MACVeriexecSha512MACVeriexecSha512sub
veriexecMAC Verified Exec file integrity frameworkorg.nextbsd.security.VeriexecVeriexec
Kernel KPI / infrastructure · 20
(subdir)SysV IPC (msg/sem/shm)org.nextbsd.kpi.SysVIpcSysVIpcsubdir (3 ko)
backlightDisplay backlight control framework/KPIorg.nextbsd.kpi.BacklightBacklight
bhndBroadcom HND SoC/bus framework (BCM wifi SoCs)org.nextbsd.kpi.BHNDBHNDparent of bwi/bwn
camCAM SCSI/ATA/NVMe transport + peripheralsorg.nextbsd.kpi.CAMCAMcore storage KPI
ctlCAM Target Layer (SCSI/NVMe target emulation)org.nextbsd.kpi.CTLCTL
cuseUserspace character-device frameworkorg.nextbsd.kpi.CUSECUSE
etherswitchEthernet switch management framework (KPI)org.nextbsd.kpi.EtherSwitchEtherSwitch
fdt_slicerFDT blob slicer for kernel consumersorg.nextbsd.kpi.FdtSlicerFdtSlicersubdir
h_erttkhelp/HHOOK framework (h_ertt TCP helper)org.nextbsd.kpi.KhelpKhelpTCP_HHOOK only
ibcoreOFED InfiniBand core (verbs/CM/MAD/SA) KPIorg.nextbsd.kpi.IbcoreIbcoreOFED
kgssapiKernel GSSAPI framework (NFS Kerberos)org.nextbsd.kpi.KgssapiKgssapi
kgssapi_krb5Kerberos 5 GSS mechanism for kgssapiorg.nextbsd.kpi.KgssapiKrb5KgssapiKrb5sub of kgssapi
krpingRDMA kernel ping test utilityorg.nextbsd.kext.KRpingKRpingtest/debug; subdir
libiconvIn-kernel charset conversion (iconv) frameworkorg.nextbsd.kpi.LibIconvLibIconv
libmchainMbuf chain helper (subr_mchain) for SMB/NFSorg.nextbsd.kpi.LibMchainLibMchain
mqueuefsPOSIX message queue filesystem (mqueue)org.nextbsd.kpi.MqueuefsMqueuefs
opensolarisOpenSolaris/ZFS SPL compatibility shimorg.nextbsd.kpi.OpenSolarisOpenSolarisZFS dep
semPOSIX named semaphore support (uipc_sem)org.nextbsd.kpi.SemSem
xdrXDR serialization library for RPC/NFSorg.nextbsd.kpi.XdrXdr
zlibzlib (DEFLATE) compression libraryorg.nextbsd.kpi.ZlibZlib
Compatibility (Linux / ABI) · 15
3dfx_linuxLinux ioctl shim for /dev/tdfx (3Dfx Voodoo)org.nextbsd.compat.TdfxLinuxTdfxLinuxsub of 3dfx
aouta.out legacy executable image activatororg.nextbsd.compat.AoutAout
imgact_binmiscbinfmt_misc-style interpreter registrationorg.nextbsd.compat.ImgactBinmiscImgactBinmisc
lindebugfsLinux-compatible debugfs for LinuxKPIorg.nextbsd.compat.LinDebugfsLinDebugfs
linprocfsLinux-compatible /procorg.nextbsd.compat.LinProcfsLinProcfs
linsysfsLinux-compatible /sysorg.nextbsd.compat.LinSysfsLinSysfs
linuxLinux 32-bit (i386) syscall emulationorg.nextbsd.compat.LinuxLinux
linux64Linux 64-bit (amd64) syscall emulationorg.nextbsd.compat.Linux64Linux64
linux_commonShared Linux compat infrastructureorg.nextbsd.compat.LinuxCommonLinuxCommon
linuxkpiLinuxKPI shim (Linux kernel API for ported drivers)org.nextbsd.compat.LinuxKpiLinuxKpi
linuxkpi_hdmiLinuxKPI HDMI helpers for DRM/GPUorg.nextbsd.compat.LinuxKpiHdmiLinuxKpiHdmisub of linuxkpi
linuxkpi_videoLinuxKPI framebuffer/video aperture helpersorg.nextbsd.compat.LinuxKpiVideoLinuxKpiVideosub of linuxkpi
linuxkpi_wlanLinuxKPI mac80211/cfg80211 WLAN shimorg.nextbsd.compat.LinuxKpiWlanLinuxKpiWlansub of linuxkpi
sgx_linuxLinux ioctl shim for Intel SGXorg.nextbsd.compat.SgxLinuxSgxLinuxsub of sgx
x86biosx86 real-mode BIOS call emulator (option ROMs)org.nextbsd.compat.X86biosX86bios
Firmware images · 12
(subdir)Realtek rtwn firmware blobsorg.nextbsd.firmware.RtwnRtwnFirmwarefw; subdir (9 fw)
ice_ddpIntel E800 DDP firmware packageorg.nextbsd.firmware.IceDdpIceDdpfw; for ice
ipwfwIntel PRO/Wireless 2100 firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.IPWIPWFirmwarefw; for ipw
ispfwQLogic ISP FC adapter firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.ISPISPFirmwarefw; for isp
iwifwIntel 2200/2915 firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.IWIIWIFirmwarefw; for iwi
iwnfwIntel iwn firmware (4965/5000/6000/...)org.nextbsd.firmware.IWNIWNFirmwarefw; for iwn
mwlfwMarvell 88W8363 firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.MwlMwlFirmwarefw; for mwl
otusfwAtheros AR9001U USB firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.OtusOtusFirmwarefw; for otus
qat_c2xxxfwIntel QAT C2xxx firmware (MOF/MMP)org.nextbsd.firmware.QatC2xxxQatC2xxxFirmwarefw
qatfwIntel QAT firmware (C62x/C3xxx/4xxx/...)org.nextbsd.firmware.QatQatFirmwarefw; subdir
ralfwRalink RT2561/2661/2860 firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.RalRalFirmwarefw; subdir; for ral
wpifwIntel 3945ABG firmwareorg.nextbsd.firmware.WPIWPIFirmwarefw; for wpi
Virtualization · 2
vmmKernel hypervisor (bhyve VMM)org.nextbsd.kext.VMMVMM
vmwareVMware guest drivers (pvscsi/vmxnet3/vmci)org.nextbsd.kext.VmwareVmwaresubdir umbrella
Tracing / debug · 13
(subdir)DTrace framework (fbt/sdt/profile/systrace/...)subdir-only
alqAsync logging queue KPI for in-kernel tracingorg.nextbsd.kext.ALQALQ
amd_ecc_injectAMD DRAM ECC error injection (test)org.nextbsd.kext.AmdEccInjectAmdEccInjecttest
dconsDumb console over shmem/FireWire for debuggingorg.nextbsd.kext.dconsdcons
dcons_cromFireWire CROM attach for dconsorg.nextbsd.kext.dconsCROMdconsCROMsub of dcons
dummymbufMbuf fault injection for net stack testingorg.nextbsd.kext.dummymbufdummymbuftest
filemonFile-op monitoring for bmake dependency tracingorg.nextbsd.kext.FilemonFilemon
hwpmcHardware Performance Monitoring Countersorg.nextbsd.kext.HwpmcHwpmc
hwtHardware Trace framework (ETM/CoreSight)org.nextbsd.kext.HwtHwt
ksyms/dev/ksyms live kernel symbol tableorg.nextbsd.kext.KsymsKsyms
ptIntel Processor Trace backend for hwt (amd64)org.nextbsd.kext.PtPt
siftrStatistical Info For TCP Research (via alq)org.nextbsd.kext.SiftrSiftr
speARM Statistical Profiling Extension (arm64)org.nextbsd.kext.SpeSpe
Test / build-internal · 4
epoch_testKernel epoch(9) unit testorg.nextbsd.kext.epochTestepochTesttest
kern_testfrwkKernel test framework infrastructureorg.nextbsd.kext.KernTestFrameworkKernTestFrameworktest; subdir
ktestIn-kernel test frameworkorg.nextbsd.kext.KtestKtesttest; subdir
mmcnullEmulated null MMC controller for testingorg.nextbsd.kext.MmcnullMmcnulltest
Misc · 1
(subdir)SMBIOS/VPD/SMAPI firmware info modulessubdir-only

6b. Already in the NEXTBSD kernel — excluded from conversion (131)

These modules are statically compiled into the NEXTBSD kernel config (matched against device/options in sys/amd64/conf/NEXTBSD). Their .ko exists but is never loaded; they need no kext. Listed for completeness; revisit only if we slim the kernel toward an Apple-minimal core (see D2).

modulepurposecategoryNEXTBSD config token
Filesystems · 9
cd9660ISO 9660 (CD-ROM) FS with Rock Ridgefilesystemcd9660
msdosfsMS-DOS FAT12/16/32 filesystemfilesystemmsdosfs
nfsclNFSv4 clientfilesystemnfscl
nfsdNFSv4 serverfilesystemnfsd
nfslockdNFS Network Lock Manager (NLM)filesystemnfslockd
procfsProcess filesystem (/proc) via pseudofsfilesystemprocfs
pseudofsPseudo-filesystem framework (KPI)filesystempseudofs
tmpfsIn-memory temporary filesystemfilesystemtmpfs
ufsUFS/FFS with soft-updates + dirhashfilesystemufs
Drivers — storage · 31
(subdir)Legacy ATA/IDE subsystem (atacore/ataisa/atapci)driver/storageata
aacAdaptec FSA family SCSI RAID adapter (older AAC)driver/storageaac
aacraidAdaptec Series 6/7/8+ RAID controllerdriver/storageaacraid
ahciAHCI SATA host controllerdriver/storageahci
arcmsrAreca SATA/SAS RAID host adapterdriver/storagearcmsr
cissCompaq/HP Smart Array RAID (CISS)driver/storageciss
fdcFloppy disk controller (NEC 765)driver/storagefdc
geom_mdGEOM memory/vnode-backed virtual disk (md)driver/storagemd
hptiopHighPoint RocketRAID 3xxx/4xxx SAS HBAdriver/storagehptiop
idaCompaq Smart Array (IDA) RAIDdriver/storageida
ipsIBM/Adaptec ServeRAID (IPS) SCSI HBAdriver/storageips
isciIntel SAS controller (isci/SCIL) HBAdriver/storageisci
ispQLogic ISP Fibre Channel/SCSI HBAdriver/storageisp
mfiLSI/Broadcom MegaRAID SAS/SATA (MFI)driver/storagemfi
mlxMylex DAC960/AcceleRAID RAID (legacy)driver/storagemlx
mmcsdMMC/SD/SDIO block storage driverdriver/storagemmcsd
mpi3mrBroadcom MPI3 Tri-Mode 12Gb/s RAID/HBAdriver/storagempi3mr
mprLSI/Broadcom SAS3 (12Gb/s) Fusion-MPTdriver/storagempr
mpsLSI SAS2 (6Gb/s) Fusion-MPTdriver/storagemps
mptLSI Fusion-MPT SAS/SCSI/FC (legacy)driver/storagempt
mrsasAvago/Broadcom MegaRAID SAS (MR)driver/storagemrsas
mvsMarvell 88SX SATA II host controllerdriver/storagemvs
nvdNVMe disk (nvd) GEOM driver over nvmedriver/storagenvd
nvmeNVMe host controller (CAM/GEOM)driver/storagenvme
ocs_fcEmulex LightPulse Fibre Channel/FCoE HBAdriver/storageocs_fc
sdhciSD Host Controller Interface (SDHCI) coredriver/storagesdhci
siisSilicon Image SiI3124/3132 SATAdriver/storagesiis
smartpqiHPE/Microsemi Smart Array (SmartPQI) RAIDdriver/storagesmartpqi
symSymbios/LSI 53C8xx Ultra/Wide SCSIdriver/storagesym
twsLSI 3ware 9750 SAS2/SATA-II RAIDdriver/storagetws
ufshciUFS Host Controller Interface (embedded flash)driver/storageufshci
Drivers — wired network (NIC) · 40
if_aeAttansic/Atheros L2 Fast Ethernetdriver/networkae
if_ageAttansic/Atheros L1 Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networkage
if_alcAtheros AR813x/815x/816x Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networkalc
if_aleAtheros AR8121/8113 Fast/Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networkale
if_aqAquantia AQtion 10 Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networkaq
if_bceBroadcom BCM570x NetXtreme II Gigabitdriver/networkbce
if_bfeBroadcom BCM4401 Fast Ethernetdriver/networkbfe
if_bgeBroadcom BCM57xx NetXtreme/Tigon III Gigabitdriver/networkbge
if_bxeQLogic/Broadcom BCM5771x 10GbEdriver/networkbxe
if_casSun Cassini / NS DP83065 Gigabitdriver/networkcas
if_dcDEC 21143 Tulip & compatibles Fast Ethernetdriver/networkdc
if_emIntel e1000 PRO/1000 Gigabit (also if_igb symlink)driver/networkem
if_etAgere ET1310 Gigabit/Fast Ethernetdriver/networket
if_fxpIntel 8255x EtherExpress Pro/100driver/networkfxp
if_gemSun GEM/ERI/Apple GMAC Gigabitdriver/networkgem
if_iavfIntel Adaptive Virtual Function NIC (X710 VF)driver/networkiavf
if_iceIntel E800 (Ice Lake) 100GbE + RDMAdriver/networkice
if_igcIntel I225/I226 2.5GbEdriver/networkigc
if_ixIntel 82598/99/X540/X550 10GbE (ixgbe)driver/networkix
if_ixlIntel XL710/X710 10/25/40GbE PFdriver/networkixl
if_ixvIntel ixgbe SR-IOV Virtual Functiondriver/networkixv
if_jmeJMicron JMC25x/26x Gigabit/Fast Ethernetdriver/networkjme
if_lgeLevel 1 LXT1001 Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networklge
if_mskMarvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabitdriver/networkmsk
if_nfeNVIDIA nForce MCP Fast/Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networknfe
if_ngeNational DP83820/83821 Gigabitdriver/networknge
if_reRealtek RTL816x/8169/8110 Gigabitdriver/networkre
if_rgeRealtek RTL8168G/8125 2.5GbEdriver/networkrge
if_rlRealtek RTL8129/8139 10/100driver/networkrl
if_sgeSiS 190/191 Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networksge
if_sisSiS 900/7016 10/100 Ethernetdriver/networksis
if_skSysKonnect SK-984x/982x Gigabitdriver/networksk
if_steSundance ST201 10/100 Ethernetdriver/networkste
if_stgeSundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabitdriver/networkstge
if_tiAlteon Tigon PCI Gigabitdriver/networkti
if_vgeVIA VT6122 Gigabit Ethernetdriver/networkvge
if_vrVIA Rhine Fast Ethernetdriver/networkvr
if_xl3Com 3c90x/3c100x EtherLink XLdriver/networkxl
mlx5Mellanox ConnectX-4/5/6 coredriver/networkmlx5
mlx5enMellanox ConnectX-4/5/6 Ethernet (25-100GbE)driver/networkmlx5en
Drivers — wireless · 9
ath_halAtheros HAL core (chip-independent)driver/wirelessath_hal
if_athAtheros 802.11abgn PCI glue/attachdriver/wirelessath
if_ipwIntel PRO/Wireless 2100 802.11bdriver/wirelessipw
if_iwiIntel PRO/Wireless 2200BG/2915ABGdriver/wirelessiwi
if_iwnIntel 4965/5000/6000 802.11ndriver/wirelessiwn
if_maloMarvell 88W8335/8310 802.11a/b/gdriver/wirelessmalo
if_mwlMarvell 88W8363 802.11a/b/g/ndriver/wirelessmwl
if_ralRalink RT2560/2661/2860/3090/5390 802.11ndriver/wirelessral
if_wpiIntel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG 802.11a/b/gdriver/wirelesswpi
Drivers — USB · 1
usbUSB stack + host/device controllersdriver/usbusb
Drivers — graphics / input-video · 2
(subdir)Boot splash renderers (bmp/pcx/txt)driver/graphicssplash
agpAGP bridge and GART driverdriver/graphicsagp
Drivers — sound · 1
(subdir)Sound subsystem (newpcm) + audio hw driversdriver/soundsound
Drivers — serial bus · 6
lptParallel port printer/lpt (ppbus)driver/serial-buslpt
ppbusParallel Port Bus + IEEE 1284driver/serial-busppbus
ppcPC parallel port hardware controllerdriver/serial-busppc
ppiParallel port raw interface (/dev/ppi)driver/serial-busppi
pucPCI/ISA multi-port serial/paralleldriver/serial-buspuc
uartMulti-bus UART serial driver (8250/Z8530/QUICC)driver/serial-busuart
Drivers — platform (SoC/ACPI/sensor/wdog) · 6
(subdir)ACPI sub-drivers (asus, dock, video, wmi, ...)driver/platformacpi
cardbusCardBus (32-bit PC Card) bus + CISdriver/platformcardbus
cbbPCI-to-CardBus bridge (pccbb)driver/platformcbb
cpufreqCPU frequency scaling (EST/PowerNow/HWPstate)driver/platformcpufreq
efirtUEFI Runtime Services (RTC + variables)driver/platformefirt
vmdIntel Volume Management Device (NVMe aggregator)driver/platformvmd
Drivers — hardware crypto · 2
aesnix86 AES-NI/GHASH/SHA hardware crypto acceldriver/crypto-hwaesni
padlock_rngVIA Nehemiah hardware RNGdriver/crypto-hwpadlock_rng
Drivers — misc · 3
kbdmuxKeyboard multiplexer (merge keyboards)driver/misckbdmux
mmcMMC/SD host bus protocol + card enumerationdriver/miscmmc
uinputevdev uinput virtual input devicedriver/miscuinput
Crypto (software / RNG) · 2
cryptoOpenCrypto framework + software cipherscryptocrypto
rdrand_rngIntel RDRAND hardware RNG entropy sourcecryptordrand_rng
Network — protocols / firewalls / tunnels · 2
ipsecIPsec (ESP/AH) kernel stacknet/protocolipsec
sctpSCTP transport protocol stacknet/protocolsctp
Network — infrastructure / pseudo-interfaces · 8
mdioMDIO bus framework for PHY managementnet/inframdio
netmapZero-copy packet I/O + VALE switchnet/infranetmap
wlanIEEE 802.11 wireless stack (net80211)net/infrawlan
wlan_amrr802.11 AMRR TX rate control pluginnet/infrawlan_amrr
wlan_ccmp802.11 CCMP (AES-CCM) WPA2 ciphernet/infrawlan_ccmp
wlan_gcmp802.11 GCMP (AES-GCM) WPA3 ciphernet/infrawlan_gcmp
wlan_tkip802.11 TKIP WPA ciphernet/infrawlan_tkip
wlan_wep802.11 WEP legacy ciphernet/infrawlan_wep
Kernel KPI / infrastructure · 6
evdevLinux-compatible evdev input event interfacekpi/infraevdev
firmwareKernel firmware loader subsystemkpi/infrafirmware
geomGEOM storage framework (cache/concat/eli/mirror/raid)kpi/infrageom
hidHID bus framework + device driverskpi/infrahid
iflibiflib NIC driver framework (TX/RX rings) KPIkpi/infraiflib
xzXZ/LZMA2 decompression librarykpi/infraxz
Firmware images · 1
mlxfwMellanox firmware flash framework (MFA2)firmwaremlxfw
Virtualization · 2
hypervMicrosoft Hyper-V guest drivers (vmbus/netvsc/storvsc)virtualizationhyperv
virtioVirtIO para-virtual device framework + transportsvirtualizationvirtio

kld→kext naming + categorization plan, 2026-06-04. Catalog sourced from a read-only review of freebsd-src/sys/modules (474 modules); the raw agent catalog is preserved in the raw module catalog. Feeds #179. Naming style (D1) and the build-in/kext split (D2) are unresolved pending review.